Resources

COMMUNICATION FUNDAMENTALS

Communication is an essential ingredient in building a bond between a parent and a child

This bond serves as the foundation for all future learning and interaction on the child’s part

There are several ways a child can communicate

Gestural
Vocalization / Words
Sign Language
Using objects
Using pictures or photos
Written communication
Using assistive device/ technology

Joint Attention

A shared focus between the child, caregiver, and an object or event is known as joint attention.

Initiating and Reciprocating Joint Attention

The child may respond to another’s bid for joint attention (see image 1) or initiate joint attention (see image 2)

Fundamental behaviors of joint attention are eye contact with a person or object, gaze shifting between a social partner and an object, pointing and gestures.

Imitation

Imitation is the child's ability to copy others. It begins at around 3 months of age when the child responds to the caregiver with a social smile and advances alongside the child’s development

When you are face to face with the infant, imitate them by repeating their sounds and faces

As the child develops, make funny faces, use actions, clap, sing, etc and observe the child's attempt to imitate.

Engage toddlers in daily chores. They love to imitate, help out and show off about how much they can do.

Imitate sequences and have fun!

Parallel Talk

Follow the child’s lead and act like a commentator by describing what the child is doing or seeing.

Make sure to use language, voice variations, gestures, facial expressions and body language that you would use in a natural conversation with the child

Do not expect any response from the child.

Remember to comment and not question!

Self Talk

Describe your own actions in simple language and exaggerated intonation without expecting the child to respond

The child does not have to be close to you while you are talking out loud, but they should be at an audible distance to come and look at you if they are interested

Respond to the child if they try to communicate with you

Functional Communication

Functional communication includes communication acts to request, reject, comment, greet, express feelings, provide information, etc

Functional vocabulary should include words that are useful for the child at home as well as in other communication situations

Functional communication may be verbal (e.g. I want, yes, no, more) and/ or non verbal (e.g. head nod, wave, actions, gestures, signs, pictures)

Alternative Communication

For some children with with communication difficulties, the non verbal mode of communication could be an alternative and viable mode

Non-verbal communication can take different forms: Using picture exchange, communication boards, photo album, communication symbols, notebooks, using gestures and writing.